Aztec Origins and the Founding of Tenochtitlan

Aztec Origins and the Founding of Tenochtitlan The birthplaces of the Aztec Empire are part legend, part archeological and recorded actuality. At the point when the Spanish conquistador Hernn Cortã ©s showed up in Basin of Mexico in 1517, he found that the Aztec Triple Alliance, a solid political, monetary and military settlement, controlled the bowl and for sure quite a bit of focal America. Be that as it may, where did they originated from, and how could they get the opportunity to be so amazing? The Origins of the Aztecs The Aztecs, or, all the more appropriately, the Mexica as they called themselves, were not initially from the Valley of Mexico yet rather relocated from the north. They called their country Aztlan, The Place of Herons., however Aztlan is an area which has not so far been recognized archeologically and was likely at any rate incompletely legendary. As indicated by their own records, the Mexica and different clans were referred to as a gathering as the Chichimeca, left their homes in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in view of an incredible dry season. This story is told in a few enduring codices (painted collapsing books), in which the Mexica are indicated conveying with them the icon of their benefactor divinity Huitzilopochtli. Following two centuries of relocation, at around AD 1250, the Mexica showed up in the Valley of Mexico. Today, the Basin of Mexico is loaded up with the rambling city of Mexico City; yet underneath the cutting edge avenues are the vestiges of Tenochtitln, the site where the Mexica settled, and the capital city for the Aztec realm. Bowl of Mexico Before the Aztecs At the point when the Aztecs showed up in the Valley of Mexico, it was a long way from a vacant spot. In light of its abundance of regular assets, the valley has been ceaselessly involved for a large number of years, the main referred to generous occupation built up at any rate as ahead of schedule as the second century BC. The Valley of Mexico lies ~2,100 meters (7,000 feet) above ocean level, and it is encircled by high mountains, some of which are dynamic volcanoes. Water flowing down in streams from these mountains made a progression of shallow, mucky lakes that gave a rich source to creatures and fish, plants, salt and water for development. Today the Valley of Mexico is predominantly secured by the immense extension of Mexico City: yet there were antiquated demolishes just as flourishing networks when the Aztecs showed up, including the deserted stone structures of two significant urban communities: Teotihuacan and Tula, both alluded to by the Aztecs as the Tollans. Teotihuacn: Almost a thousand years before the Aztecs, the immense and deliberately arranged city of Teotihuacn (involved between 200 BC and AD 750) thrived there. Today Teotihuacan is a well known archeological site a couple of miles north of present day Mexico City that draws in a great many visitors every year. The word Teotihuacn is a Nahuatl (the language verbally expressed by the Aztecs) word meaning The Birthplace of the Gods. We dont know its genuine name, yet the Aztecs gave this name to the city since it was a hallowed spot related with the amazing inceptions of the world. Tula: Another city that created in the Valley of Mexico before the Aztecs was the city of Tula, the early post-exemplary capital of the Toltecs between AD 950 and 1150. The Toltecs were considered by the Aztecs to be the perfect rulers, daring warriors who exceeded expectations in expressions of the human experience and sciences. Tula was so venerated by the Aztecs that the ruler Motecuhzoma (otherwise kn own as Montezuma) sent individuals to uncover Toltec objects for use in the sanctuaries at Tenochtitln. The Mexica were awestruck by the enormous structures worked by the Tollans, considering Teotihuacan to be the consecrated setting for the making of the present world or Fifth Sun. The Aztecs diverted and reused objects from the locales: more than 40 Teotihuacan-style objects have been found in contributions inside Tenochtitlans stylized area. Aztec Arrival in Tenochtitln At the point when the Mexica showed up in the Valley of Mexico around 1200 AD, both Teotihuacn and Tula had been surrendered for quite a long time; however different gatherings were at that point chose the best land. These were gatherings of Chichimecs, identified with the Mexica, who had moved from the north in prior occasions. The late-coming Mexica had to choose the unfriendly slope of Chapultepec or Grasshopper Hill. There they became vassals of the city of Culhuacan, an esteemed city whose rulers were viewed as the beneficiaries of the Toltecs. As affirmation for their help with fight, the Mexica were given one of the little girls of the King of Culhuacan to be adored as a goddess/priestess. At the point when the lord showed up to go to the service, he discovered one of the Mexica clerics wearing the excoriated skin of his little girl: the Mexica answered to the ruler that their God Huitzilopochtli had requested the penance of the princess. The penance and excoriating of the Culhua Princess incited a brutal fight, which the Mexica lost. They had to leave Chapultepec and move to some muddy islands in the lake. Tenochtitln: Living in a Marshland After they were constrained out of Chapultepec, as per the Mexica fantasy, the Aztecs meandered for a considerable length of time, looking for a spot to settle. Huitzilopochtli appeared to the Mexica pioneers and showed a spot where an incredible falcon was roosted on a desert plant slaughtering a snake. This spot, right in the center of a bog with no legitimate ground by any stretch of the imagination, was the place the Mexica established their capital, Tenochtitln. It was 2 Calli (Two House) in the Aztec schedule, which deciphers in our cutting edge schedules to AD 1325. The clearly grievous situation of their city, in a swamp, really encouraged monetary associations and shielded Tenochtitln from military assaults by confining access to the site by kayak or pontoon traffic. Tenochtitln developed quickly as both a business and military focus. The Mexica were capable and wild troopers and, in spite of the tale of the Culhua princess, they were likewise capable government officials who made strong unions with the encompassing urban communities. Growing a Home in the Basin The city developed quickly, with castles and efficient neighborhoods and reservoir conduits giving new water to the city from the mountains. At the focal point of the city stood the hallowed region with ball courts, schools for nobles, and ministers quarters. The stately heart of the city and of the entire domain was the Great Temple of Mexico-Tenochtitln, known as the Templo Mayor or Huey Teocalli (the Great House of the Gods). This was a ventured pyramid with a twofold sanctuary on top committed to Huitzilopochtli and Tlaloc, the principle gods of the Aztecs. The sanctuary, finished with splendid hues, was remade commonly during Aztec history. The seventh and last form was seen and depicted by Hernn Cortã ©s and the conquistadors. When Cortã ©s and his troopers entered the Aztec capital on November 8, 1519, they discovered probably the biggest city on the planet. Sources Altered and refreshed by K. Kris Hirst Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press.Healan D. 2012. The Archeology of Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico. Diary of Archeological Research 20(1):53-115.Smith ME. 2013. The Aztecs. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.Van Tuerenhout DR. 2005, The Aztecs: New Perspectives. Santa Clause Barbara CA: ABC-CLIO Inc.

4 Reasons You Need to Develop Your Social Media Presence

4 Reasons You Need to Develop Your Social Media Presence Nowadays, you are what you show on the web. With a steady progression of family pictures and Saturday night dirty tricks, your Facebook profile probably won't be truly recognizable from your disconnected nearness. This may not make any difference such a great amount in an air pocket with your loved ones, yet you should consider the remainder of your web based life universe, too. You can shape your internet based life nearness to show the best, most expert you to your field. Here are 4 motivations to clergyman online life presence carefully.1. Your Social Media is an Open BookWhether it’s potential bosses, organize individuals, or associates, your web based life brand will probably be one of the principal things that turn up. You need them to see an unmistakable, connecting with representation of you-one who doesn’t utilize messy language, send sketchy pictures, or carry on improperly. We as a whole have stuff we’re not particularly pleased with, however t hose things are best kept in a hidden record totally unlinked to your expert record, or perhaps an envelope stamped â€Å"please burn.†2. It’s a chance to clean house.If you do have amateurish substance coasting around your web based life or need to show that your objectives have advanced past â€Å"being president some time or another or something,† going in with an engaged eye can assist you with keeping content that shows what your identity is and where you need to proceed to dispose of messiness that doesn’t identify with your profession objectives now. It can likewise give you a feeling of who’s traveling every which way from your interpersonal organizations and sharing your content.3. You Can Find a Relevant AudienceOnce you’ve made sense of what you need your web based life brand to state about you, that can assist you with finding your locale and fabricate your voice in that network. Discovering similarly invested individuals and i mparting substance and insights are a brand-manufacturer, on the off chance that you have your base image settled.4. You’re Able to Take Control of Your DestinyWhen you fabricate your open online networking brand, you get the opportunity to establish the pace and build up a topic over your records. Regardless of whether that’s planning hues or ensuring that your very own logo shows up any place you do or making your visual substance (pictures, infographics, and so on.) appear to be comparable, you need individuals to connect your substance with you.Who would you say you are, and what would you like to do? It’s all in your (virtual) hands.

Who we are

Who we are Two exams down, one to go. Well, strictly speaking, 462 units down, 12 to go. That sounds a lot better. Exam week is a busy time at MIT; a lot of living groups have free breakfast on exam mornings, then everybody walks to their exams together, buzzing and scheming and comparing last-minute answers. Its fashionable here to loudly announce your impending doom you know, its bad luck to say good luck on opening night and all that. I heard a lot of conversations on my way to the final. How about you take his 16.05 exam and he can take your 2.005 one? Okay, Ill fail his! [Pause] Actually, Ill fail mine too. I heard that freshman exams were the easiest ones. Lets hope so! I could go in there, write my name on those tests, walk out, and still graduate. Im still nervous. That last one was me. As I was walking toward Walker Memorial for my 7.28 final this morning, half of me was focused on the final and half of me was focused on the construction going on in Killian Court theyre setting up the seats for the 140th commencement on June 9. After four years of pure joy and pure exhaustion, I will be marching in my black cap and black gown to receive two bachelors degrees one in biology and one in brain and cognitive sciences. So as I walked to the exam and as I walked back from the exam two hours later, I thought about what we are at this crazy school on the Charles and what were not. We are fiercely independent, fiercely nonconformist, and just plain fierce. We have a fire somewhere way down in the very bottoms of our souls the kind of fire that can get you through a problem set and a project and a paper and a breakup and an exam and an all-nighter, all in the same week. The words too many irons in the fire dont mean much to us. We like being busy. It builds character. We are unapologetic academic masochists. Jessie has observed that a greater number of us than one would expect were cross-country and track athletes in high school; we attack school the way some people attack a marathon. It hurts so much while youre in the middle of it, but it feels so good when you reach the goal. We are lean, mean problem-solving machines. We are almost pathologically helpful. If someone has a problem, we cant stop ourselves from helping. There is no cutthroat behavior here after all, theres no point in being rude when theres a big problem set due the next day, and we need every last neuron we can get to help solve the problems. Theres very much an Ill scratch your 8.02 pset, you scratch my 18.03 pset mentality. And the helpfulness doesnt extend only to MIT students if you come here on a visit, and you are wandering around lost, I will bet you five dollars you can stop any random undergrad in the hallway and say Hi, Im a prefrosh and Im lost. Can you help me find [the Student Center, the Admissions Office, my mommy]? and that random undergrad will point you in the correct direction. He might even walk with you to your destination. (This only works with undergrads. Grad students, like slightly rabid cats, are a little less compassionate.) We want to change the world, but we know we cant do it alone. Everybody comes in freshman year thinking I am the GREATEST, and I am going to continue to be the GREATEST, and then they fail their first 8.01 exam and realize that if theyre going to change the world, theyre going to need to enlist the collective brainpower of everybody else around them. And so thats what they do. We respect brilliance, hard work, clever solutions, and technical prowess. We do not respect braggarts, grade-grubbers, or unearned wealth. You can have a life at MIT, complete with any bacchanalian insanity your mind can even begin to imagine. There are all sorts of student life here, and everybody is free to pursue life as they wish. There are all kinds of people, all kinds of living groups, and all kinds of formulations of social among our 4000 undergrads. But of course, when you come to MIT and have a wonderful, fulfilling, active social life, no one outside MIT will ever believe you. You have to get used to that. Ive had to get used to people saying in disbelief, Wow, I didnt even know MIT had cheerleaders! Do you cheer for the chess team? Ive also had to perfect the sort of fake smile and forced giggle that people seem to expect when they say such breathtakingly witty things. Why is it funny that someone could be smart and sexy at the same time? I mean, you can be short and blonde at the same time. You can be nearsighted and blue-eyed at the same time. You can also be an MIT student and be perfectly outwardly normal at the same time although you dont have to be. What makes that so difficult to process? People are complex. MIT students are complex. This is a fact of life. Ive also had to get used to people saying, Oh, I could never go to MIT. I heard its really hard. Sure, its hard here. This is a freakin science and engineering school. Science and engineering are hard, whether youre an undergrad or a grad student or a tenured faculty member. You want easy, youre not going to find it in science and engineering, no matter where you are. And no, you wont be the smartest person here. But if youre the kind of person who belongs here, that idea invigorates you. As youve probably figured out in high school, its no fun being the smartest person in the vicinity theres nobody to talk to. When freshmen first get here, they usually spend their first few days staying up all night talking to people its so exciting to finally find a big group of people who get you. Not being the smartest doesnt hurt us in the long run either; almost everybody does undergraduate research (thats what happens when you have 4000 undergrads and 1000 superstar faculty members), people get to be buddies with their favorite professors, and people go on to get into stellar graduate programs and competitive companies that pay more figures than you have fingers on your right hand (probably). More MIT undergrads get into stellar graduate programs than students from other schools; I suspect this is due to our small size, outstanding support networks, and t he general inspiration that comes from being a student at a school that values greatness. This is the best place in the world. And its been worth every second. Questions 1. Alas, I dont do chances. I dont know enough to evaluate applicants, which is why Im a blogger and not an admissions officer. :) 2. Sean asked, You mentioned Bank of America being close by, is there a Wells Fargo or convenient Wells Fargo ATM machines? The Wells Fargo website seems to say that there are no ATMs or branches near Boston, and I cant say that I know the location of any in the surrounding cities. 3. Anonymous asked, how bad can you do freshman year without getting asked/forced to take a year off? The Committee on Academic Performance doesnt set strict minimum standards, and does evaluate every student individually. Generally speaking, they would like to see you complete at least 36 units with at least a C average each term, but one bad term by itself isnt cause to ask you to take a year off. 4. John Lempka asked, Basically, I know that my parents will not pay for family contribution portion of my financial aid, and I am pretty sure that will be a significant amount. I know this because my sister (who just graduated from college) is $80,000 in debt with a BFA. So, basically, should I still not be discouraged? Im always an advocate of crossing bridges when one comes upon them I think its worth it to apply and see the financial package MIT will offer you, then decide if you can or cant come. Lots of stuff between then and now. :)

The Department of Homeland Security for Immigration Essay

According to the Department of Homeland Security Immigration Website (USCIS), undocumented Mexican individuals come to our country by illegally crossing the border or by initially having a visa and staying after the visa has expired. In most cases if an undocumented individual would like to apply for a green card, they must do so while residing in Mexico which is what keeps many undocumented people from applying. There are approximately 12 million undocumented immigrants in the U.S. It’s interesting that immigration law takes place within the U.S. Department of Justice instead of the U.S. judicial system because deportation is seen as an administrative correction and not a criminal punishment. Because of this, undocumented immigrants†¦show more content†¦You are also responsible to pay taxes, obey all laws, and if you are a male between the ages of 18 and 25 you must register with the Selective Service. Your wait time for a visa can be anywhere from three to twen ty years or longer depending on the circumstances and the number of visas available each year (USCIS). There are 226,000 family sponsored visas, 140,000 employment based visas available each year. There is no limit for immediate family members such as spouses and children younger than 21. Due to the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, the number of Mexican immigrant visas can only equal 7 percent of the total permanent residents or green cards issued each year. The backlog for permanent resident applications in pending status is approximately 1.4 million (Smith). Mexican immigrants are excluded from the Diversity Lottery which grants immigrant visas to 50,000 winners each year. The lottery was designed to help increase the number of immigrations from underrepresented countries like Nigeria, Iran, and Ukraine. The countries qualified to apply for the lottery change each year (USCIS). After having a green card or immigrant visa for 3-5 years, depending on circumstance, one can apply for citizenship. The main reasons to apply for citizenship would be the right to vote in elections, bringing family members to the U.S., eligibility for Federal jobs, and becoming an elected official (USCIS). California in an effort to help undocumented immigrants hasShow MoreRelatedRequesting Immigration Relief : The Department Of Homeland Security2165 Words   |  9 PagesRequesting immigration relief, as portrayed by the Department of Homeland Security, seems to be a humanitarian and easy process, described as follows: 1. The applicant presents to a immigration office or checkpoint requesting immigration relief. 2. An immigration officer, a social worker and if needed an interpreter that are trained in cultural sensitivity, go through some paperwork 3. The immigration officer conducts an extensive interview to the applicant 4. 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The reason Homeland Security exists today because theRead MoreImmigration and Border Protection1394 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: Immigration and Border Protection 1 Immigration and Border Protection of Department of Homeland Security Donald Capak Keiser University Immigration and Border Protection 2 Abstract It is my belief that the dissolution of the former U.S. Immigration and Naturalization and Customs Service and the creation of separateRead MoreHomeland Security1085 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ AMERICAN MILITARY UNIVERSITY HOMELAND SECUIRTY Brittany Staley HLSS302: Paper #2 May 11, 2014 In the years since 9/11, homeland security has turn out to be frequently and generally identified as both a word and as a Federal department. However, a large amount has been learned since 9/11 concerning the array of further challenges we face. 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Referred to by some as  former INS  and by others as  legacy INS, the agency ceased to exist under that name on March 1, 2003, when most of its functions were transferred to three new entities –  U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services  (USCIS)Read MoreEssay on Evolution of Homeland Security750 Words   |  3 Pages　 Evolution of Homeland security 　 The evolution of Homeland security started in September 11, 2011. When terrorist took control of 4 flights in the United States and planed to kill millions of lives including their own lives. Everyone knows this day as 9/11. When ex-president George W. Bush created the Department of Homeland Security act of 2002. There were 22 agencies that were inherited into the DHS and three agencies that were not included in the DHS. 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American Athlete Babe Didrikson Zaharias - 1301 Words

My Milkshakes Should Not Bring the Boys to The Yard American athlete Babe Didrikson Zaharias earned more medals, broke more records, and swept more tournaments in more sports than any other athlete, male or female, in the twentieth century. Within recent years, women have made huge strides in the world of sports and athletics but are still not getting proper recognition for the time, effort, and talent these women have put into their sport. Gender equality is a major problem in athletics, Title XI, sports media, and the sexualisation of females involved in athletics shows the clear divide in gender equality amongst men’s and women’s sports. Society has largely ignored and discriminated against female athletes. For a long time society portrayed female athletes as masculine, butch, and homosexual which has influenced the amount of women that choose to participate and excel in athletics. After noticing these problems, feminists attempted to reverse these trends and produce better opportunities for female athletes. By advocating for equal rights as well as pushing for legislation, they enabled women to use sports to improve their health, create new identities, and venture into male-dominated areas (Prakash, 1990). Because of this, Title IX was introduced to the world of sport. Title IX states that no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education programShow MoreRelatedSports Influence On The Dominant Social Values1515 Words   |  7 Pagesdominant social values in American life Americans have always loved sports; although the sports early Americans practiced may not still today be what the majority of people enjoy. For example, early Americans hunted, swam, ran, rode horses and played competitive games such as tug of war. They also participated in military skills contests, which have always been seen as an acceptable form of leisure time activity across many cultures. Sports have always been part of the American culture and identity.Read MoreThe History and Development of Sports throughout the 1930s Essay1773 Words   |  8 Pagesbaseball, basketball, and football (Hatcher). Out of those three, baseball was America’s favorite. It was also the most developed sport at the time. It was being played by young boys in their neighborhoods, high school and college students, African Americans in the professional Negro League, and adults in the Minor Leagues and Major League. â€Å"Baseball was primarily a summer recreation for boys and young men, while the professional sport served as an entertainment for families. Fans who could not attendRead MoreThe Sport of Golf Essay2908 Words   |  12 Pagesthe American former caddie Francis Ouimet won a victory over two outstanding British professionals in the US open championship tournament (open to amateurs and professionals), golf came to the attention of the American public in general. The Professional Golfers Association of America (PGA) was organized in 1916, and annual tournaments were started during the same year. The Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) numbers about 550 club instructors and tournament players. Major American tours

Life Lessons Essay Free Essays

ife (â€Å"Hard Work Beats Talent, When Talent Doesn’t Work Hard†) – (Kevin Durant) Over this past summer, I experienced a lot of events that I think will change my life for the better. It seemed like everything started falling in place when I got an unexpected call from a college coach from a small school called Samford University. I was shocked that I received the call because for one, I’d never even heard of the school he was calling from. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Lessons Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, I never actually played a full game of football in high school. The reason he’d called me is because he said he was at one of the previous scouting camps I attended a few weeks prior, and he liked my athleticism and how I always worked hard and never gave up, even when he saw I was having a hard time. He wanted me to attend one of the school sponsored scouting camps that he was putting together, and he offered to get me in for free so I gladly accepted. When I arrived at the camp, I was very nervous because there were a lot more major college coaches there than I expected, and the combine included college students also, so I wasn’t just competing against any regular competitors. There were 6 different events that we were doing that day, and I had never done any of them at any previous camps so I had no faith in myself from the start. At the first event, the 40 Yard Dash, I had to race a college linebacker from another school so I had to prove to my coaches that I could take on any challenge they threw at me from the beginning. But everything didn’t go quite as I expected. On my first try I false started 2 seconds early, and everyone was laughing at me so I started to down myself. On the 2nd attempt, I false started again! It wasn’t as early as the previous one, but I was wasting all of my chances at getting an official time because I was too nervous to even start on time. On the 3rd and final attempt, I managed to get off on a good start and run a 4. 92, but the scouts weren’t very impressed by that because they knew and I knew that I could do better than what I was showing them. At the next event, the Running back drills, I was already nervous because of how bad I had done at the previous event, and it showed in my actions. When I went up to catch passes from one of the quarterbacks that was attending the camp with me, normal passes that I could catch in my sleep became difficult for me to complete. I was so worried about messing up again that I wasn’t performing to my full potential. The coach that recruited me to attend the camp took notice at my performance and pulled me aside and talked to me. He told me â€Å"he knows for a fact that I could do better, and he wants to see the athlete that he saw at the previous camp, not the nervous one that he had seen today. Just believe in myself and perform to the best of my abilities for the duration of the camp and everything would be fine†. Then he gave me a quote to think of when I got down, â€Å"Hard work beats talent, when talent doesn’t work hard†. Now I don’t know what it was about that speech, but when I went back to the drill, everything seemed to fall into place. I was catching every single pass the quarterback threw me, even the ones that were badly placed. When I re-did my 40 Yard Dash, my time dropped from a 4. 2 to a 4. 8. From that point on, I exceed all my expectations at every other event that was available to me at the camp. After that day, I learned that I can’t down myself every time I mess up at something, I have to just keep doing my best and to forget the rest. And whenever I get to the point where I want to just give up, I always remember that quote that the coach told me, â€Å"Hard work beats talent, when talent doesn’t work hard. Wo rd Count: 695 How to cite Life Lessons Essay, Essay examples

The War on Drugs Essay Example For Students

The War on Drugs Essay WAR ON DRUGSDebby McGeeCriminal Justice Administration CJA 450 (R1)Christopher ManningDecember 7, 2004AbstractBecause of the war on drugs, prison overcrowding is vastly becoming a problem of astronomical proportion, putting a strain not only on the system of law enforcement, but on citizens as well. With studies in DNA and other forensic sciences that can pin point with exact precision the perpetrator of a crime; more and more criminal offenders are being caught, tried, and imprisoned for the crimes they have committed. Many of these crimes are initiated by the use of drugs, such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin, ice, crystal meth, angel dust, PCP, etc. Along with the success of catching these offenders and sentencing them to pay retribution for their crimes, another problem has surfacedprison overcrowding. Because of this overcrowding, a shift to community-based alternatives has been incorporated in an effort to help to alleviate this ever increasing problem. This paper will examine a few of these alternatives. Community Based AlternativesWith the rise in incarcerating a felon, the court system is trying to find alternative based sentencing. It is a hard task, because of the variety of crimes committed. If a person does not need to go to prison and deal with that lifestyle, then utilizing something else may be more beneficial. Here are some ideas for community based alternative sentencing. We will write a custom essay on The War on Drugs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Electronic Monitoring System (EMS)The first alternative that we will look at is being utilized by the courts: Electronic Monitoring System (EMS). This system might seem as though it would be the ideal answer to alternative sentencing, however, as with any electronic device there are drawbacks. This system is easy to monitor, but bulky to wear. Most of the courts do not like to implement this system because of the cost of monitors and tracking systems. There is also the fact that the person wearing the monitor must maintain a semi-constant contact with a phone line. Another problem, that has been difficult to overcome, is the monitors alarm going off, even though the person is no more that twenty feet from the phone line. Even with the cost and problems it is still cheaper to utilize the EMS rather than incarcerating the criminal. There is another product on the market that could replace the EMS altogether and that is the Shadow Track. The Shadow Track is an interactive voice response system. If implements the leading voice authentication software on the market. This system is practically foolproof. The tracking system can be used from a computer, phone, e-mail or pager. This makes it user friendly. If the criminal decides not to maintain contact through the above devices, then the proper authorities are notified. Because of the need not to buy expensive equipment and the ease with which it can be used this makes this tracking system a viable alternative to incarceration. But these are just the electronic ways to alternative sentencing, other options are still available. Community ServiceMost community service programs are implemented to first-time offenders. This would show the offender that he or she is accountable for their actions and that illegal activity brings about significantly adverse consequences, with major intervention at the first sign of illegal behavior. Connection in a persons mind between the act and the consequences must be realized. Several tasks that could be accomplished through community service are: picking up trash along the roadside and in parks, cleaning publicly owned vehicles, painting little league football bleachers, and the maintaining and cleaning of animal shelters. Other programs may include unskilled work for private nonprofit organizations such as churches, goodwill industries, social service agencies, libraries, and schools. These programs would be well organized, effective, and highly monitored. The first-time offenders would learn new skills and enhance their self-esteem while paying a debt to society. It might also be possible for their community service assignments to turn into permanent paid positions. Community service should be standardized and incorporated into a sentencing grid. Numerous offenders now servicing time in jail could have been punished by some type of community service work that would have had a more profound effect on them than incarceration. By working out his sentence t hrough community service work, he would be allowed to work, support his family, receive counseling